{"id":42855,"date":"2025-10-09T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/?p=42855"},"modified":"2026-04-20T11:47:32","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T09:47:32","slug":"quantum-computing-master-in-computer-science-business-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/quantum-computing-master-in-computer-science-business-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"What is quantum computing?"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"span-reading-time rt-reading-time\" style=\"display: block;\"><span class=\"rt-label rt-prefix\"><\/span> <span class=\"rt-time\"> 5<\/span> <span class=\"rt-label rt-postfix\">min read<\/span><\/span>\n<p>Quantum computing is no longer theory. Top companies across the world are now racing to build the next generation of processors to move beyond the reach of classical machines. From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IBM<\/a>\u2019s powerful superconducting chips and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Google\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Google<\/a>\u2019s landmark \u201cquantum supremacy\u201d experiments, to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Microsoft<\/a>\u2019s ambitious topological qubits and emerging players like <a href=\"https:\/\/ionq.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IonQ<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pasqal.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pasqal<\/a>, the field is white hot with innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Want to understand the future of computation? Let&#8217;s explore the topic and see how <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/school-science-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IE School of Science &amp; Technology<\/a> can help you disrupt the industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-is-quantum-computing-in-simple-terms\">What is quantum computing in simple terms?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You use classical computers every day. Under the hood, they flip billions of tiny switches to process 0s and 1s. Nature doesn\u2019t behave in neat 0s and 1s, though. At very small scales it behaves like waves and probabilities. Quantum computing lets you compute in that native language of nature, so you can model things that overwhelm classical machines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to Ester de Nicol\u00e1s, a member of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/school-science-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IE School of Science &amp; Technology<\/a>&#8216;s faculty, \u201cA lot of people misunderstand quantum computing as just faster or more powerful computing, but that\u2019s not accurate. It\u2019s a fundamentally different type of computing, useful for a very specific set of problems\u2014not something that replaces classical computing.\u201d You work with quantum states instead of hard 0\/1 values and you read out results as probabilities after interference has amplified the right answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-if-you-want-a-picture-imagine-tossing-pebbles-into-a-pond-waves-add-up-or-cancel-out\">If you want a picture, imagine tossing pebbles into a pond. Waves add up or cancel out. <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" data-id=\"42899\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition-1024x672.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42899\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-computing-definition.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cA quantum algorithm is like that\u2014you put a state into the machine, let the interactions happen, and then measure the result,\u201d Ester says. You then hand those results back to classical hardware to finish the job. Quantum sits alongside CPUs and GPUs as another accelerator, not as a replacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-what-are-key-terms-for-the-field-of-quantum-computing\">What are key terms for the field of quantum computing?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quantum utility:<\/strong> credible, reproducible results at scale beyond brute-force classical simulation, even before full error correction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quantum advantage:<\/strong> a practical, provable edge over all known classical methods on a real task. Most roadmaps target advantage later this decade if hardware, algorithms and orchestration keep aligning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Superconducting qubits:<\/strong> fast gates, mature control, cryogenic systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Trapped ion<\/strong>s<strong>:<\/strong> very high fidelities, slower gates, strong error-correction progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neutral atoms:<\/strong> large atom arrays, promising scale, active error-correction research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Photonic qubits:<\/strong> room-temperature operation, strong for communications and certain models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the difference between quantum computing and AI?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/types-of-ai-school-of-science-and-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI <\/a>is software that learns patterns from data. It runs today on classical chips and GPUs. Quantum is hardware and algorithms based on quantum mechanics. You won\u2019t \u201creplace\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/has-ai-passed-the-turing-test-science-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">AI<\/a> with quantum. Instead, you\u2019ll pair them where it helps. Think of quantum as a new co-processor for specific bottlenecks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-practically-that-means-workflows-where-a-quantum-processing-unit-qpu-prepares-states-entangles-qubits-and-uses-interference-to-prune-bad-paths\">Practically, that means workflows where a quantum processing unit (QPU) prepares states, entangles qubits and uses interference to prune bad paths.<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"631\" data-id=\"42900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units-1024x631.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units-1024x631.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units-300x185.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units-768x473.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/quantum-processing-units.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The classical system still orchestrates <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/the-impact-of-data-privacy-regulations-on-global-business-governance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">data<\/a>, training loops and deployment. In Ester\u2019s words, \u201cQuantum computing doesn\u2019t stand alone. It works alongside classical computing, like GPUs or other accelerators. We call them QPUs\u2014quantum processing units\u2014working within larger classical workflows.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You\u2019ll also hear two milestones: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-023-06096-3?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">quantum utility and quantum advantage<\/a>. Utility means useful results beyond brute-force classical simulation have been demonstrated in tightly defined tasks. Advantage means better, cheaper, or faster than all known classical methods on a practical problem. Utility has already been shown on real devices, while advantage is the next step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is quantum computing useful for?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Start with chemistry and materials. You can directly simulate molecules and reactions rather than approximate them, which can accelerate drug discovery, catalysis, batteries and semiconductors. \u201cChemistry underpins 96% of manufactured products,\u201d Ester notes. If you can compute in nature\u2019s language, you can design better matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Second, optimization and pattern discovery. Quantum algorithms can restructure how you search complex spaces, which may help in logistics, finance and parts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/artificial-intelligence-study-guide-scitech\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">machine learning<\/a>. You won\u2019t hand over the whole workflow; you\u2019ll call a quantum subroutine where it changes the game and then continue on classical hardware.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Third, foundational science. When classical simulation hits exponential walls\u2014think photosynthesis pathways or new superconductors\u2014quantum offers a path forward. Ester\u2019s long view: \u201cIf we use this technology responsibly, the world could be cleaner, safer, and healthier.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which companies are working on quantum computing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Big tech is all in. IBM is pushing error-mitigation, benchmarking, and an open SDK (Qiskit), and published peer-reviewed evidence of quantum utility in 2023. Microsoft is building a new research center with the University of Maryland and the State of Maryland, tied to a DARPA program to pursue topological quantum machines. Google continues work on superconducting platforms and tooling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specialists are moving fast. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantinuum.com\/products-solutions\/quantinuum-systems\/system-model-h2?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Quantinuum<\/a> has reported a fully fault-tolerant universal gate set with repeatable error correction on its H2 systems. IonQ (trapped ions) is scaling hardware and expanding via acquisitions and quantum-networking research. Atom Computing (neutral atoms) has crossed the 1,000-qubit mark and is targeting scalable logical qubits. PASQAL (neutral atoms) is executing on a 2025 roadmap toward industry-relevant advantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-you-ll-also-find-rigetti-superconducting-quera-neutral-atoms-xanadu-photonic-and-others-in-the-mix-plus-a-growing-ecosystem-in-quantum-software-education-and-security\">You\u2019ll also find Rigetti (superconducting), QuEra (neutral atoms), Xanadu (photonic), and others in the mix, plus a growing ecosystem in quantum software, education, and security. <\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" data-id=\"42901\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42901\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/companies-working-with-quantum.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Ester\u2019s snapshot from the Quantum World Congress tracks that reality: \u201cEveryone is here\u2014IBM, IonQ, Quantinuum\u2014showcasing their latest advances in quantum computing\u2026 The ecosystem keeps growing year after year.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How can you study quantum computing?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You don\u2019t need a PhD in physics to join the quantum revolution\u2014but you do need intent. The field opens four distinct lanes: hardware engineering, quantum software and algorithms, domain science applying quantum methods, and business leadership shaping the new value chain. As Ester puts it, \u201cWe\u2019ll need talent at every layer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re technically minded, ground yourself in linear algebra and probability, then experiment with SDKs like Qiskit to build and test real quantum circuits. If your strength lies in science or data, learn how to turn research problems into quantum workflows a QPU can accelerate. And if you\u2019re a strategist or business thinker, study how quantum will shift cost structures, compliance, and cybersecurity\u2014especially in postquantum cryptography for long-term data protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is where readiness becomes real. \u201cStudents will leave with a clear understanding of the state of the art, where the field is heading, and what\u2019s needed to move it forward,\u201d Ester says. Quantum computing is still defining itself\u2014meaning there\u2019s room for bold thinkers to shape it. You\u2019re entering at a transistor moment in history. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/uncover-ie\/how-to-learn-quantum-computing-a-new-specialization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn quantum computing<\/a> fast, build fluency, and position yourself where advantage is about to emerge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns banner h-banner banner-b is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading banner-title\" id=\"boost-your-career-with-our-master-in-management\">Become a leader in quantum computing with IE School of Science &amp; Technology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"banner-content\">Study the Master in Computer Science &amp; Business Technology to evolve your career.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button banner-btn\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ie.edu\/school-science-technology\/programs\/master-in-computer-science-and-business-technology\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Let&#8217;s get into the details of future tech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":42880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_wpscppro_dont_share_socialmedia":false,"_wpscppro_custom_social_share_image":0,"_facebook_share_type":"","_twitter_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type":"","_pinterest_share_type":"","_linkedin_share_type_page":"","_instagram_share_type":"","_medium_share_type":"","_threads_share_type":"","_google_business_share_type":"","_selected_social_profile":[],"_wpsp_enable_custom_social_template":false,"_wpsp_social_scheduling":{"enabled":false,"datetime":null,"platforms":[],"status":"template_only","dateOption":"today","timeOption":"now","customDays":"","customHours":"","customDate":"","customTime":"","schedulingType":"absolute"},"_wpsp_active_default_template":true},"categories":[1096,337],"tags":[508,483,489,944],"class_list":["post-42855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-concepts","category-thought-leadership-identity","tag-master-in-computer-science-and-business-technology","tag-masters","tag-school-of-science-and-technology","tag-science-technology-and-data"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is quantum computing?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quantum computing uses quantum mechanics to solve problems classical computers can\u2019t. 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